The Black Death Essay -- History European Plague Plagues Essays

The Black Death   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is impossible to discuss Europe’s history without mentioning the Plague of 1348, also known as the Black Death. The Black Death reached Italian shores in the spring of 1348. The presence of such a plague was enormously devastating making its mark in unprecedented numbers in recorded history. According to records, it is estimated to have killed a third of Europe’s population. The Black Death was caused by bacteria named Yersinia Pestis. This germ was transferred from rats to fleas and then to humans. This disease spread quickly due to the infestation of rats. Also, sanitary conditions were very poor which did not help the problem at all. When a human was infected, the bacteria moved from the bloodstream traveling to the lymph nodes. The plague occurred in three forms, however, the most commonly seen form was the bubonic plague. The bubonic plague refers to the painful swelling of the lymph nodes also known as buboes. Victims were subject to bodily aches, headaches, vo miting, and nausea. Plague victims underwent severe damage to skin leading to bleeding under the skin which transformed to dark blotches, hence the term â€Å"black† death. The forming of these dark blotches was a sign of sure death within four to seven days. The consequences of this plague were tragic. The consequences included depopulation, economics and religious effects, and social change. The great population loss only served to worsen the economy. This massive plague also caused many people to lose faith in their religion, weakening the power of the church. After 1350, European culture in general turned extremely melancholic. The general mood was a depressing one. Once vivacious art was now dark with representation of death. It is easy to see how overcoming this era could force man to believe he is Great, maybe even invincible. It could also force humans to believe they have a lot to be grateful for and this quality of mind allowed them to take advantage of everything that is useful. Man is now at the center of the Universe and all men should seek for an ideal life. We call this rebirth era the Renaissance. Could something so morbid give way to something as beautiful as the Renaissance? Perhaps we owe a substantial portion of the Re naissance to the Black Death. The Renaissance is everything the Black Death wasn’t, as its survivors felt compelled to thrive in... ...Black Death passed, new advancements in architecture also became present. Small towns grew to prospering cities. This is clear evidence of Renaissance culture. Many Renaissance scholars perfected the art of educating. Many factors that emerged from the plague, consequently, paved the way for the Renaissance to emerge. The constant reforms in religion, art, medicine and science provided the basis for the Renaissance. Major Renaissance figures such as Boccaccio devoted many of their writings to the Black Death. The Renaissance was given its sense of renewal and rebirth after experiencing something as horrid as the Black Death. The Black Death allowed people of the Renaissance to realize all they were grateful for. The Black Death was the inspiration for the newly educated people to prosper in arts and new ideas about their world. Bibliography : Books and Journal Articles M.W. Dols, The Black Death in the Middle East (Princeton, 1970); American Historical Review, June 2002 v107 i3 p703(36) Bondanella . Musa, The Italian Renaissance Reader,First Printing,1987 U.S. News & World Report, April 29, 2002 p63 Monkeyshines on Health and Science: Biology, Jan 2002 p8(1)

Broken Family Essay

Family is the basic components of the society. And the parents are the most important source of youth’s behavior, which effect to their outlook in life. A home is where a family lives. It may be alternated to the word ‘house’ but a house is more appropriately referring to the material structure, whereas ‘home’ refers to the intangible things that bind together the family members. So if the parents are separated, how does it affect the youth and what can they do about it? When parents split up, there can be many emotions that a youth may have to deal with. These feelings, internalized or expressed, will result in certain behavior that will possibly affect to the youth’s outlook in life. And these feelings can cause a big impact in their performance study, socialization and personality. The most common dispute between a husband and a wife is the financial issue. This is rooted when the father, which should be the provider for the family, can’t give enough money for the sustenance of the whole family. Or early marriage could be the reason of the financial setback. Teen pregnancies are very much high in rate in the last decade. A couple that haven’t able to finish studies and started a family early would likely experience difficulty in monetary aspects. An undergraduate would have a hard time finding a lucrative job. Not mentioning that building a family needs a steadfast preparation particularly financially. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY What is a broken family? It is a family with the children involved where parents are legally or illegally separated and whose parents have decided to go and live their lives separately for several reasons/problems. It is one where the parents (mother and father) of a child or children have split up and no longer share a single family home as a family unit. This is also known as a broken home. â€Å"Broken home† is a term used to describe a household, usually in reference to parenting, in which the family unit does not properly function according to accepted societal norms. And we choose this topic to inform other people what are the possible things that they can do to help themselves and the others who are in the same situation to overcome their negative emotions brought about by having an incomplete family.

Manometer Definition and Purpose

A manometer is a scientific instrument used to measure gas pressures. Open manometers measure gas pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. A mercury or oil manometer measures gas pressure as the height of a fluid column of mercury or oil that the gas sample supports. How this works is, a column of mercury (or oil) is open at one end to the atmosphere and exposed to the pressure to be measured at the other end. Before use, the column is calibrated so that markings to indicate height correspond to known pressures. If atmospheric pressure is greater than the pressure on the other side of the fluid, air pressure pushes the column toward the other vapor. If the opposing vapor pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure, the column is pushed toward the side open to air. Common Misspellings: mannometer, manameter Example of a Manometer Probably the most familiar example of a manometer is a sphygmomanometer, which is used to measure blood pressure. The device consists of an inflatable cuff that collapses and releases the artery beneath it. A mercury or mechanical (anaeroid) manometer is attached to the cuff to measure a change in pressure. While aneroid sphygmomanometers are considered safer because they dont utilize toxic mercury and are less expensive, they are less accurate and require frequent calibration checks. Mercury sphygmomanometers display changes in blood pressure by changing the height of a mercury column. A stethoscope is used with the manometer for auscultation. Other Devices for Pressure Measurement In addition to the manometer, there are other techniques to measure pressure and vacuum. These include the McLeod gauge, the Bourdon gauge, and electronic pressure sensors.

Essay on ABORTION - 2219 Words

Is terminating a pregnancy morally justified? Abortion has always been a major hot topic in the United States, and rightly so since abortion happens to be a matter of religion, politics, science, and human rights. This issue touches upon the core of every human’s principles, and whether it is well thought out, or little thought of; most U.S. citizens do claim to be either pro-life or pro-choice. This means they are for the unborn fulfilling its life, or alternatively, giving the mother the right to choose. The question that cannot seem to be answered is the one at the core of the issue, which if ever answered, might once and for all lay the matter to rest. Is the unborn a moral entity that holds value to the extent of a human†¦show more content†¦All of the signs of life with the exception of complete homeostasis are fully recognized from the second trimester. The whole reason that it takes nine months until birth can occur is that the fetus will not be able to re ach its potential to become a human being until that period of time. Because it is already established by ethicists that it is morally correct to try and alleviate suffering when possible, it must in turn, be directly wrong to create suffering. Consequently, because the fetus does not feel pain and is not even completely human until after the first trimester, and is also a physical attachment of the mother, it is completely at the mothers will in that time, to choose whether the unborn should ever become a life. Americans must also consider that there are species with all of the conditions of existence in place that hold little to no moral value. For instance, any plant takes in nourishment via the sun. They excrete oxygen back into the air. They are constantly at a rate of growth and development. They achieve homeostasis by being synchronized and regulated under normal conditions. Finally, they are able to reproduce asexually. We can apply the same systems effectively to ba cteria. With all of the similarities between the two forms of life mentioned and humans, it is a surprise how little it means to someone to destroy bacteria with a chemical spray or antibiotics, or to

Essay on Timeline and Journal - 1936 Words

University of Phoenix Material Reformation Time Line and Journal Entries Part 1: Time Line Complete the time line identifying events in history during the Reformation. Identify where the event occurred on the specified date Describe the event and its significance for each date identified on the time line. DATE: October 31, 1517 Example: DESCRIPTION: The 95 Thesis was Martin Luthers response to the indulgences. WHERE: The door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg DATE: May 25, 1521 DESCRIPTION: The Edict of Worms was a decree issued by The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V banning the writings of Martin Luther and labeling him a heretic and enemy of the state. The Edict was the culmination of an ongoing struggle between†¦show more content†¦There were thousands of ancillary diplomats and support staff, who had to be given housing, fed and watered, and they did themselves well for close to four years, despite famine in the country around. Presiding over the conference were the Papal Nuncio, Fabio Chigi (the future Pope Alexander VII), and the Venetian ambassador. Where: Mà ¼nster and Osnabrà ¼ck, Germany Respond to the following questions: Why was Martin Luthers insistence that only Scripture carried religious authority significant to the Reformation period? Important ideas developed by Martin Luther were that people are saved through faith alone (sola fides) rather than through works and that the only source of religious authority is the Scriptures (sola scriptura). The primacy of faith over works is made more significant when we remember that Luther included among works the Mass and other devotional activities which were common among Catholics. Once these were eliminated as necessary for salvation, the way was paved for a much simpler, more basic Christian faith. Why were the religious divisions of the Reformation period important for the development of western civilization? In America there would never have been Pilgrim Fathers if there had not first been a Protestant Reformation. The Reformation has profoundly affected the modern view of politics and law. Prior to the Reformation the Church governed politics; she controlled emperors and kings and governed theShow MoreRelatedTuck Everlasting1373 Words   |  6 Pagescompound sentences while writing their reflection and reports regarding the story. Sematic: students will be able to look up vocabulary words from the dictionary and come up with sentences Materials Needed 1) Novel 2) Vocabulary journals 3) Writing journals 4) Paper 5) Pencil 6) Study guide questions 7) Dictionaries Day one: Monday-Prologue-chapter 5 *Start the lesson with asking the students to write a pro and con list about living forever? Would they want to liveRead More Social Networkings Influence on Eating Disorders Essay1001 Words   |  5 Pagessaid was caused by sadness and anxious cares (Eating Disorders Timeline). 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The Craft Era Free Essays

The first major era is now referred to as ‘craft’ manufacturing and service ‘shop’ delivery. This system was European in origin and linked to the way in which skills were developed: the apprentice–journeyman– master progression, which led to the creation of guilds of skilled people who sought to control the supply of their speciality, and the consolidation of skill within a subsector of society (as, for example, skills were passed on from father to son). This was noted for low-volume, high-variety products, where workers tended to be highly skilled and quality was built into the very process of operations. We will write a custom essay sample on The Craft Era or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was also appropriate for largely national markets, supplied internally with minimal imports and exports. Some craft manufacturing still remains today, in markets where exotic products and services can control demands through some unique feature or high level of desirability. For instance, some house building, furniture making, clock and watch making are still carried out by skilled craftsmen/women working on a single or few items of output at a time. While the processes and techniques used by these craftsmen/women are highly inefficient, the unique quality of their products commands a premium price, as illustrated by the secondhand value of products such as a Daniels pocket watch or a Morgan car. In the case of Morgan, however, it is a mistake to conclude that the passenger car industry might still be able to employ craft production. Morgan is unashamedly part of a sector that is closer to specialist toys than that concerned with personal transportation. It is also the end of a very thin tail, other parts of which (AC, Aston Martin, Rolls Royce, etc. have already been absorbed by volume producers, keen to operate in exotic niches for purposes that are closer to corporate advertising than to income generation. In the clothing industry, one significant sector of the industry – haute couture – is based on the craft production approach. In services, the craft era has also continued – perhaps even more so than in manufacturing. The slower pace of change within services derives from the extent to which customer processing operations can adopt new technologies and new systems. Only services that require little skill at the operating level (such as FMCG or petrol retailing) or processing large amounts of information (such as financial services) are significantly different now from what they were like even 30 years ago. Many services such as hotels, schools, hospitals, hairdressers, vehicle repair and transportation have changed very little, despite new technologies. The mass production era The second major era is known as mass production, although once again its principles were by no means restricted to manufacturing. This system grew in North America to accommodate three principal requirements of the developing giant: the need to export, the need to provide employment for a massive, largely unskilled workforce, and the need to establish itself as a world player, which meant infiltrating other regions with ideas clearly associated with the USA. In short, the Americans could not play by the European rules, so they reinvented the game: innovating by destroying the competitive position of craft production. The system was massively successful and changed the working and buying practices of the world in the first three decades of the twentieth century. In order to sell the standardized products made by standardized operations practices, mass production had to standardize the market requirements too. Fortunately, the market was immature and would do what it was told to do. Thus, mass production reversed the paradigm of craft production: volume was high with little variety. The marketing ploy (and the resultant manufacturing strategy) was exemplified by Henry Ford’s famous declaration, from now on, ‘a customer can have a car painted any colour he likes, as long as it is black! ’ In mass production, workers were typically unskilled. This was the era owing much to the contribution of F. W. Taylor’s Scientific Management, whereby workers had very narrowly defined jobs, involving repetitive tasks, and quality was left to ‘quality experts’ at the final stage of the overall process rather than being an integral part of operations at each step (Taylor, 1912). Taylor enabled firms, for the first time, to control costs, times and resources, rather than rely on skilled craftsmen and women to decide what was appropriate. Coupled with the developments made in mechanization and employee co-ordination during the European industrial revolutions, Taylor’s ideas provided an entirely different way of operating. In 1926, Encyclopaedia Britannica asked Henry Ford to christen his system and he called it mass production. He meant ‘mass’ in the sense of large volume production. Perhaps he did not see the other meaning of mass as ‘heavy and cumbersome’, which is what the system turned out to be (in terms of management systems and superstructure), once the market no longer bought what it was told. These principles originating in the 1920s were slow to be adopted in services, but by the 1970s, Ted Levitt, from Harvard Business School, was able to identify the ‘production-lining’ (Levitt, 1972) of service and the ‘industrialization’ (Levitt, 1976) of service. He cited fast food, the automatic teller machine (ATM) outside banks and supermarket retailing as examples of this. Schmenner (1986) coined the phrase ‘mass service’ to exemplify this type of service operation. More recently, the aspects of working life that are typical in this mass production context have been extended to life in general by Ritzer (1993), who refers to it as the McDonaldization of society. The shift from ‘craft’ marketing to marketing in the mass production age is clearly demarcated by the publication of Levitt’s (1960) article in the Harvard Business Review entitled ‘Marketing myopia’. In mass production, customers bought what was supplied; producers concentrated on keeping costs, and hence prices, down, and focused on selling to customers through aggressive advertising and sales forces. As organizations were product-led, operations management was relatively straightforward. Mass producing goods at the lowest cost meant minimizing component and product variety, large production runs and scientific management. The success of Ford made this view highly persuasive. In 1909, the Model T automobiles were sold for $950, but by 1916, following the introduction of the assembly line, it had fallen to $345, and three-quarters of the cars on American roads were built by Ford (Bryson, 1994). However, as Levitt (1960) pointed out, Ford was eventually outstripped by General Motors, who were not product-led but market-led. They gave customers what they wanted – choice, model updates, a range of colours (not just black! ). The symbol of this age is the brand. Originally (in the craft era) the brand was a mark on the product, often a signature – for example, on a painting – or symbol, signifying its ownership or origin. But in mass production the brand took on far more significance. It became the means by which one product (or service) could differentiate itself from a competitor’s product (or service). Procter Gamble set up brand managers in 1931 to sell their different soap products. Later the brand also became a guarantee of product/service quality. Kemmons Wilson’s motivation in 1952 to open the first Holiday Inn hotel was his own disappointment with the ariable standards and sleaziness of the motels he stayed in whilst on a family holiday. The success of delivering a consistently standard level of service resulted in Wilson opening one hotel every two and half days in the mid-1950s. But by the 1990s, brands had come under threat. Markets are highly fragmented, the proliferation of niches makes target marketing more difficult, product and service life cycles are shortening, and product/service innovation is quicker than ever before; increasing customer sophistication has reduced the power of advertising. As a result, a more holistic view of operations management is required, as Crainer (1998) suggests: Companies must add value throughout every single process they are involved in and then translate this into better value for customers. This is because the modern era has brought profound changes in operations management and operations has to be at the heart of successful strategic thinking. How to cite The Craft Era, Essay examples

Bereavement Care and Spiritual Care Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Bereavement Care and Spiritual Care. Answer: Spiritual Care Spiritual care for patients like Sophie and other patients can be achieved by doing things that she loved doing while she was in good health. It can be greatly achieved by increasing the family interactions between the sick while in hospital and her family. Family members can be involved in care planning, decision making and future care (OConnor, Lee, Aranda, 2012). It can be achieved by doing the following but not limited to: Organize on how music that the sick enjoy listening is played in her room Also if possible arrange how the family pet can be brought to her room Gentle massage on Sophie and any other patient It is also helpful to allow her family members to her room Bereavement response Bereavement is a grief reaction to a loss. Bereavement support can be achieved by bringing back nice memories the bereaved enjoyed with dead. It would be very helpful for Tim and the family to have bereavement support such as; Having individual and family counseling sessions Enjoying reminiscing fond memories of the deceased through either a family album or DVD recordings (OConnor, Lee, Aranda, 2012). Holding memorial service in honor of the dead Care for self Caring and assisting can be stressful for the nurse or caretakers to the sick. It would help a lot to have people who are close to help you have inner peace (Granados Gmez, 2009). I would be having a few light hearted moments with those that are close to me. It would also be wise to be visiting my local pastor for advise and spiritual nourishment (OConnor, Lee, Aranda, 2012). References Granados Gmez, G. (2009). The nurse-patient relationship as a caring relationship.Nursing science quarterly,22(2), 126-127. OConnor, M., Lee, S., Aranda, S (2012). Palliative care nursing: Guide to practice (3rd ed). Melbourne: Asumed Publications.